看似永不過期的中國傳統食材 Chinese Traditional Ingredients That Seem Never Expired

有些中國傳統食材，如果是天然、無添加且儲存得當的話，似乎不會過期。

There are some of the Chinese traditional ingredients that may possibly expire-free, if they are natural, additive-free and properly stored.

醬油具有濃郁的鮮味，是許多中國菜餚的主要調味料。通過保存在陰涼避光的地方，並遠離陽光直射和熱源，它可以保持新鮮數年。

Soy sauce, with its rich umami flavor, is a main seasoning in many Chinese dishes. It can stay fresh for years by keeping in a cool and dark place, and keeping away from direct sunlight and heat sources.

古法釀製的陳醋具有開胃消食的功效，經久存放，其令人垂涎的酸味會更加濃郁。

Aged vinegar brewed by the ancient method helps with appetizing and digesting, and its coveted flavor of sour will become stronger after time of stored.

米酒是用糯米發酵而成的一種烹飪調味料，也是一種傳統的宴會飲料。採用古老方法釀造的米酒不含酒精，可以長期保存而不失其獨特的風味。

Rice wine produced from fermented glutinous rice is a kind of cooking seasoning and a traditional drink on a gathering. Rice wine which produced by ancient methods without alcohol, can be stored for a long time without losing its unique flavor profile.

蜂蜜以其天然防腐特性而聞名。隨著時間的推移，它可能會結晶，但通過輕輕加熱就可以輕鬆恢復到液態。當在室溫或更低溫度下儲存在密封容器中時，蜂蜜可以無限期地食用。

Honey is known for its natural preservative properties. It may crystallize over time but can easily be restored to its liquid form by gently warming it. When stored in a sealed container at room temperature or lower, honey can remain edible indefinitely. 

陳皮常用於中藥和烹飪。如果將陳皮保存在密
封容器中，遠離濕氣和陽光，可以保存多年。隨著時間的推移，它的價格將會升值。

Tangerine peel (after air-dried or sun-dried) is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine and cooking. Dried tangerine peel can last for years if kept in an airtight container away from moisture and sunlight. It will appreciate in price over ages.

當您在食品儲藏室或廚櫃中遇到這些永恆的食材時，請放心，即使經過數月甚至數年的儲存，它們仍然會為您的菜餚增添獨特的風味！

When you come across these timeless ingredients in your pantry or kitchen cabinet, rest assured that they will still add their distinct flavors to your dishes even after months or even years of storage!

給失業者們的投資建議 Investing advice for the unemployed

即使您在新冠疫情后的失業期間沒有收入，也可以考慮以下幾項投資。 這些投資可能無法立即提供收入，但可以幫助您提高技能、擴大人際網絡並改善就業。

Here are several investments that you can consider even if you are incomeless in the unemployment period after the COVID epidemic. These investments may not provide immediate income, but they can help you enhance your skills, expand your network, and improve your employment. 

增強知識和技能：您可以參加在線課程、參加網絡研討會或工作坊，或者考取您感興趣的領域的認證。 這些可以使您在就業市場上更具競爭力，並增加您未來找到工作的機會。

Enhancing knowledge and skills: You can take online courses, attend webinars or workshops, or pursue certifications in your field of interest. These can make you more competitive in the job market and increase your chances of finding employment in the future. 

建立關係：關係對於尋找工作機會至關重要。通過互聯網上的論壇或其他平台，您可以與不同行業、不同年齡段的專業人士進行討論、加入相關團體、參加虛擬社交活動。建立關係可以帶來潛在的工作機會、指導機會和寶貴的聯繫。

Building relationships: Relationships is crucial for finding job opportunities. Through the forums or other platforms on the internet, you may connect with professionals in different industries and ages in discussions, join relevant groups, and attend virtual networking events. Building relationships can lead to potential job leads, mentorship opportunities, and valuable connections. 

參加志願者工作和實習：參加您感興趣的領域的組織或公司的志願者活動可以為您提供寶貴的經驗，幫助您獲得新技能並擴大您的人際網絡。此外，實習，即使是無薪的，也可以為你提供實踐經驗並豐富你的簡歷。

Joining volunteer work and internships: Joining volunteering for organizations or companies in your field of interest may provide you with valuable experience, help you acquire new skills, and expand your network. Additionally, internships, even if unpaid, can provide you with hands-on experience and enhance your resume. 

參與臨時散工工作：您可以在自由職業或兼職工作機會中提供您的技能，例如為 Uber 或送餐服務開車，提供寫作、圖形設計或網頁開發等在線服務 ，並提供輔導或諮詢服務...等。這樣做可以幫助您創造臨時收入，同時也可以向潛在雇主展示您的技能。

Joining a temporary gig work: You can offer your skills on a freelance basis or part-time job opportunities, such as include driving for Uber or for food delieving services, providing online services such as writing, graphic design, or web development, and offering tutoring or consulting services...etc,. These can help you generate temporary income while also showing your skills to potential employers.

注重身心培養：練習正念和鍛煉身體。這些活動可以幫助您保持動力、減輕壓力並改善整體健康，這在求職過程中至關重要。

Focusing on physical and mental development: Practicing mindfulness and exercising physically. These activities can help you stay motivated, reduce stress, and improve your overall well-being, which is essential during the job search process. 

即使這些投資可能無法提供體面的收入，它們也可以為您的長期成功做出貢獻並提高您的就業能力。保持積極、有動力並不斷尋求機會對成長與發展非常重要。祝你好運！

Even if these investments may not provide a decent income, they can contribute to your long-term success and improve your employability. It's important to stay proactive, motivated, and continuously seek opportunities for growth and development. Good luck!

十二因緣 The 12 Dependent Origination

十二因緣是佛教哲學中解釋存在與痛苦循環的基本概念。 它描述了所有現象相互依存的本質，以及它們如何促成出生、死亡和重生的循環。
The 12 Dependent Origination (The Twelve Links of Dependent Arising) is a fundamental concept in Buddhist philosophy that explains the cycle of existence and suffering. It describes the interdependent nature of all phenomena and how they contribute to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.

十二因緣是：
The twelve links are:

無明：無明是指對現實的本質缺乏了解，導致迷惑和混亂。
Ignorance: Refers to a lack of understanding of the true nature of reality, leading to delusion and confusion.
行：無明會產生行，這些行法是塑造我們的經驗並促成業力的意志行為或思想。
Mental formations: Ignorance gives rise to mental formations, which are volitional actions or thoughts that shape our experiences and contribute to karma.

識：行導致識的生起，即對感官體驗和知覺的覺知。
Consciousness: Mental formations lead to the arising of consciousness, the awareness of sensory experiences and perceptions.

名色：意識與肉體交織在一起，構成個體存在的基礎。
Name and form: Consciousness becomes intertwined with the physical body, forming the basis for individual existence.

六入：通過名色，六入（即六識，視覺、聽覺、味覺、嗅覺、觸覺、意識）生起，使我們能夠體驗世界。
Six senses: Through name and form, the six senses (sight, hearing, taste, smell, touch, and mind) arise, enabling us to experience the world.

觸：六入與其物體之間的相互作用產生接觸，從而產生感覺和感受。
Contact: The interaction between the six senses and their objects creates contact, resulting in sensations and feelings.
受：接觸會產生感受或感覺，可以是愉快的、不愉快的或中性的。
Feeling: Contact gives rise to feelings or sensations, which can be pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral.
愛：感受會引起對愉快經歷的渴求或渴望，以及對不愉快經歷的厭惡。
Craving: Feelings give rise to craving or desire for pleasant experiences and the aversion to unpleasant ones.
取（執著）：貪愛導致執著或執著於慾望的對象，尋求外在的快樂和滿足。
Attachment: Craving leads to attachment or clinging to the objects of desire, seeking happiness and fulfillment externally.

有（成形）：執著促進了成形的過程，在這個過程中，一個人被驅使著走向存在和追求未來的經歷。
Becoming: Attachment fuels the process of becoming, where one is driven towards existence and the pursuit of future experiences.

生：成形導致出生、新生命的顯現和存在循環的延續。
Birth: Becoming leads to birth, the manifestation of a new life and the continuation of the cycle of existence.

老死：出生必然導致老死，標誌著一個生命的結束和另一個生命的開始，循環不斷。
Aging and death: Birth inevitably leads to aging and death, marking the end of one life and the beginning of another, perpetuating the cycle.

對於佛教徒來說，修行的主體是人而不是物，所以最早提到的十二因綠所生法不僅是物質現象的關係，也是生與死的關係。十二因綠所生法強調一切現象的相互關聯和相互依存，強調通過培養智慧和慈悲來了解和擺脫痛苦循環的重要性。
For Buddhists, the subject of practice is people rather than things, so the 12 Dependent Origination mentioned at the earliest is not only the relationship of material phenomena, but also the relationship between life and death. The 12 Dependent Origination highlights the interconnectedness and interdependence of all phenomena, emphasizing the importance of understanding and breaking free from this cycle of suffering through the cultivation of wisdom and compassion.

本文僅對十二因緣作簡單介紹。這個涉及錯綜複雜的無限過去和無法估量的無限未來的話題，即使是經驗豐富的佛教徒也很難理解和解釋清楚。
Here is a brief introduction to the 12 Dependent Origination only in this article. This topic, involving an intricate infinite past and an incalculable infinite future, is difficult to understand and explain well even for experienced Buddhists.

端午節 Dragon Boat Festival

今天，2023 年 6 月 22 日，是端午節（粵語 Dyun-Ng-Jit）。 這是農曆5月15日的中國傳統節日，相當於公曆的5月下旬或6月下旬。 為紀念古代詩人屈原，這個節日通過舉行龍舟比賽和吃粽子來慶祝。

Today, 22 Jun 2023, is the Dragon Boat Festival (Dyun-Ng-Jit in Cantonese). This is a traditional Chinese holiday on the 15th May of the Lunar calendar, which corresponds to late May or June in the Gregorian calendar. A commemoration of the ancient poet Qu Yuan, the holiday is celebrated by holding dragon boat races and eating sticky rice dumplings called zongzi.

這個節日在中國眾所周知是為了紀念戰國時期楚國詩人兼大臣屈原（公元前 340-278 年）逝世。 當楚王決定與日益強大的秦國結盟時，屈原作為大臣，因反對結盟而被指控為謀反罪而被貶。 他在流亡期間寫了大量詩歌。 最終，秦國攻占了楚國。 屈原絕望之下投汨羅江自盡。

It is well known in China that this festival commemorates the death of the poet and minister Qu Yuan (340–278 BC) of the state of Chu during the Warring States period. When the king of Chu decided to ally with the increasingly powerful state of Qin, Qu Yuan as a higher minister, was banished for accused of treason since his opposing the alliance. He wrote a great deal of poetry during his exile. Eventually, Qin captured the capital of Chu. In despair, Qu Yuan committed suicide by drowning himself in the Miluo River.

據說，賽龍舟的起源是當地仰慕他的人們划船去救他，或者至少找回他的屍體。而各種粽子的由來，就是在找不到屈原屍體的情況下，救援人員將糯米糰扔進河裡，代替屈原的屍體讓魚兒吃。

The origin of dragon boat races is said that the local people who admired him were raced out in their boats to save him, or at least retrieve his body. And the the origin of various zongzi (Chinese rice dumpling) is that when his body could not be found, the rescuers dropped balls of sticky rice into the river so that the fish would eat them instead of Qu Yuan's body.

戒律的應用 The apply of precepts

在解釋戒律的目的之前，我們首先要對“因果”有一個大概的了解。這是佛教徒必須知道的基本概念之一。它解釋了業力（一種形成因果關係的自然力量）如何運作，即我們的動機和行為（因）與痛苦或快樂的結果（果）之間的關係或聯繫，以及在結果形成之前作出改變或調整的可能性。

Before explaining the purpose of the precepts, we must first have a general understanding of "Cause and Effect". This is one of the fundamental concepts that Buddhists must know. It explains how Karma (a natural force forming the related effects of causes) works, that is, the relations or connections from our motives and actions (causes) to the outcomes (effects) of suffering or joy, and the possibility to change or adjust the outcomes before formed. 

戒律不是牢不可破的嚴格限製或法律，而是建立在相互尊重和業力運作方式的基礎上的靈活指導方針，讓我們避免因不當的言行而受苦。例如，我們從不殺戒中可以知道，為私心而殺生，會死於報復。此外，為了避免被捕或被報復，兇手會因為隨時隨地要都有小心眼，所以失去生活的樂趣。了解與此戒相關的業力，我們可以通過持守此戒來避免上述痛苦。

Rather than the rigid unbreakable restrictions or laws, the precepts, which based on mutual respect and how Karma works, are flexible guidelines that showing the way to avoid suffer from our inappropriate words and deeds. For example, we may know from the precept of no killing that killing for selfishness will lead to death unexpectedly by being revenge. In addition, to avoiding being arrested or being revenge, the killer will lose his fun in life since he must put an eye everywhere at any times. Knowing Karma that relates to this precept, we may avoid the suffering above by keeping this precept.

另一方面，通過坦白認罪、尋求調解等方式，也有調整業力的可能。通過這些措施，兇手無法避免被捕，但至少可以避免因為擔心被報復而承受精神上的痛苦。

On the other hand, it may have the possibility to adjust Karma through the measures of frank confession and seeking mediation. By these measures, the killer can not be avoided being arrested, but at least his spiritual distress can be avoided by being free from being revenge.

此外，從同一個戒，我們可以知道，軍隊或警察在必須造成必要的傷害或殺戮以保護公民時，永遠不會被視為破戒，因為他們的動機和行為是適當的，並且不帶有自私心。因此，即使他們知道自己可能會遭到報復，也不會因他們的差事而感到精神上的痛苦。軍警們如果盲目執持此戒，可能會造成更多的傷亡，不僅要為此承擔法律責任，而且還會被視為嚴重違背這個戒律。

Further, from the same precept, we may understand that  armies or police will never be considered for breaking this precept when they have to inflict the necessary harm or killing to protect citizens, since their motives and actions are appropriate and with no selfishness. Thus, there are no spiritual distress from their errand even through they know that they may possible suffer retaliation. If the armies and police blindly insist on keeping this precept, may causing more casualties, they will not only bear legal responsibility for this, but will also be considered as serious offense on this precept.

因果是我們持戒的原因，能夠靈活持戒是我們運用自己人生能力的體現。就像不殺生戒一樣，持守每一條戒，都可以讓我們遠離相應的痛苦。了解每一個戒律背後的因果/業力，可以在我們不小心觸犯戒律時立即彌補，並讓我們知道在某些情況下必需臨時靈活地破戒。

Cause and Effect is the reason for us to keep the precepts, and being able to hold the precepts flexibly is a manifestation of our ability to apply our own life. Just like the precept of no killing, keeping of each precept may prevent us from the corresponding suffering. Learning the Cause and Effect / Karma behind each pre
cepts may make up for it as soon as we accidentally offend the commandment, and let us know when we have to flexably break the precepts temporarily for certany circumstances.

可以說，如果我們能夠靈活地持守與不傷害有關的戒律，我們就不會受到傷害； 持不劫戒，自有財物不受侵犯； 如果持戒，我們就會受到尊重和支持……在我們的生活中持戒，不僅可以避免我們的痛苦，還可以得到他人的幫助。

It can be said that if we are able to flexibly keep precepts which relate to no harming, we will not suffer harm; if keep precepts of no plundering, our own property will not be infringed; if keep precepts of respecting others, we will be respected and supported... With keeping precepts in our life, may not only avoid us for suffering, but also gain assistance from other.