四聖諦 The Four Noble Truths

四聖諦是佛教的核心教義。無論是南傳佛教（泰國、斯里蘭卡等南亞國家）、大乘佛教（中國佛教）或是藏傳佛教，都以四聖諦作為佛教信仰和修行的基礎。

The Four Noble Truths are the core teaching in Buddhism. Whether Theravada Buddhism (in Thailand, Sri Lanka and other South Asian countries), Mahayana Buddhism (Chinese Buddhism) or Tibetan Buddhism, they all regard the Four Noble Truths as the foundation of Buddhist belief and practice.

第一個是理解「苦」。苦難存在於世界上，是人類經驗的一部分。痛苦可以包括身體上的痛苦、精神上的痛苦、以及生活中普遍的不如意。

The first one is understand  "Suffering". Suffering exists in the world and is a part of human experience. Suffering can include physical pain, mental anguish, and the general unsatisfactoriness of life.

第二個是苦因的「(積)集」。透過十二因緣，我們可以知道痛苦的根源是我們對無常事物的執著和貪愛。 這些執著會導致我們走向痛苦。

The second one is the "Accumulation" on the cause of suffering. Through the Twelve Dependent Originations, we may know that the cause of suffering is our attachment and craving for things that are impermanent. These attachments lead us to suffering.

第三個是苦的“滅”，找到了苦的原因，就應該尋求滅苦的方法。透過修習八正道，我們可以減少或甚至停止對無常榮辱的執著和貪愛。

The third one is the "Cessation" of suffering, when the cause of suffering are found, solutions for cessation of suffering should be seeked. By practice the Noble Eightfold Paths , we may reduce or event stop our attachment and craving for honor and disgrace that are impermanent.

第四個是止息苦的「道」。我們可以在日常生活中應用八正道。它可以改善和加強我們的心理素質、靈性、言行舉止。當我們透過修習八正道，累積了更強大的內在力量並吸引更多的外在幫助後，我們就可以輕鬆地面對和克服痛苦。

The fourth one is the "Ways" to the cessation of suffering. We may apply the Noble Eightfold Paths in our daily life. It may improve and strengthen our psychological qualities, spirituality, words and deeds. We may face and overcome our suffering easily after we have accumulated our stronger inner strength and attract more outer assistance by practising the Noble Eightfold Paths.

值得注意的是，十二因緣與業力並非完全相同的概念，但可以相輔相成。十二因緣主要描述我們的慾望（執著和貪愛）可能會讓我們陷入痛苦的循環，而業力則強調我們的慾望所引導的意圖、言語和行為可能會引來今生和來世的善惡果報。然而，我們可以透過修行八正道來預防或處理我們的痛苦和果報。

It is worth noting that the Twelve Dependent Originations and Karma are not exactly the same concept, but can complement each other. The Twelve Dependent Originations mainly describe that our desires (attachment and craving) may possibly lead us to the loop of suffering, while Karma emphasizes that our intentions, words and deeds leding by our desires may carry out our good or bad consequences in this life and future lives. However, we may prevent or deal with both our sufferings and consequences by practicing the Noble Eightfold Paths. 

四聖諦為理解痛苦的本質和解脫之道提供了一個框架。前兩者描述了痛苦的本質及其原因，而後兩者則描述了結束痛苦的狀態以及實現這一目標的道路。它是佛教徒或其他希望擺脫痛苦的人的核心課程，也是進一步達至開悟的基礎。

The Four Noble Truths provide a framework for understanding the nature of suffering and the path to liberation from suffering. The first two describe the nature of suffering and its causes, while the last two describe the state of ending suffering and the path to achieve this goal. It the core lessons for Buddhists or other individuals who hope to escape from suffering, and also the foundation for further achieving of enlightenment.

順便說一句，我在之前的文章中已經分別對十二因緣和八正道做了簡單的介紹。但是，我覺得我所寫的內容不足以讓您對相關主題有更深入的了解。所以，我建議大家同時參考其他作者的相關文章。

By the way, I have separately made brief introduction for the Twelve Dependent Originations and the Noble Eightfold Path in my earlier articles. However, I feel that what I have written are not enough to give you a deeper understanding for the related topics. So, I recommend that you should refer to related articles by other authors at the same time.