精神內耗 Mental Internal Friction

精神內耗是指個體心靈或意識內部產生的衝突和緊張。從佛教的觀點來看，精神內耗與第六識、第七識密切相關。
Mental Internal Friction refers to the conflicts and tensions that arise within an individual's mind or consciousness. On the view point of Buddhism, mental internal friction is closely related to the Sixth and Seventh Consciousness.

當人們經歷精神內耗時，就會導致各種問題和挑戰。以下是可能出現的一些常見問題：
When people experience mental internal friction, it can lead to various problems and challenges. Here are some common issues that can arise:

情緒困擾：精神內耗會造成情緒困擾，如焦慮、壓力、內心動盪等。思想的衝突、慾望和執著會產生不安和不滿的感覺。
Emotional Distress: mental internal friction can cause emotional distress, such as anxiety, stress, and inner turmoil. Conflicting thoughts, desires, and attachments can create a sense of unease and dissatisfaction.

缺乏清晰度：當意識的不同方面之間存在衝突時，做出清晰而理性的選擇可能會具有挑戰性。
Lack of Clarity: When there is a conflict between different aspects of consciousness, it can be challenging to make clear and rational choices.

人際的鬥爭：思想和情緒的衝突會導致誤解、人際衝突以及溝通和聯繫的困難。
Struggles with Relationships: Conflicting thoughts and emotions can lead to misunderstandings, relationships conflicts, and difficulties in communication and connection.

幸福感下降：精神內耗會導致整體幸福感和幸福感下降。當一個人的內心不斷掙扎時，體驗平靜、滿足和成就感可能會很困難。
Decreased Well-being: mental internal friction can contribute to a decrease in overall well-being and happiness. When there is a constant struggle within one's mind, it can be challenging to experience peace, contentment, and fulfillment.

阻礙個人成長：精神內耗會阻礙個人的成長和發展。它會對自我反思、自我意識和從經驗中學習的能力造成障礙。
Hindrance to Personal Growth: mental internal friction can hinder personal growth and development. It can create barriers to self-reflection, self-awareness, and the ability to learn from experiences.

佛教中提到的“第六識”，又稱心識，負責處理思想、情感、知覺。它是我們意識中體驗外部世界並對其做出反應的部分。第六識會受到各種因素的影響，例如慾望、執著、厭惡等。
"The Sixth Consciousness" mentioned in buddhism, also known as the Mind Consciousness, is responsible for processing thoughts, emotions, and perceptions. It is the part of our consciousness that experiences and reacts to the external world. The Sixth Consciousness can be influenced by various factors, such as desires, attachments, and aversions.

“第七識”，也稱為末那識，是我們意識中產生自我或自我意識的部分。它負責創造認同感和個性感。第七意識依附於某些信念、慾望或期望。
"The Seventh Consciousness", also known as the Manas Consciousness, is the part of our consciousness that gives rise to the sense of self or ego. It is responsible for creating a sense of identity and individuality. The Seventh Consciousness can attached to certain beliefs, desires, or expectations.

當我們的思想、情感和感知（第六意識）與我們的自我或自我意識（第七意識）之間存在衝突或差異時，就會產生精神內耗。 這可能會導致痛苦和不滿。
mental internal friction arises when there is a conflict or discrepancy between our thoughts, emotions, and perceptions (Sixth Consciousness) and our sense of self or ego (Seventh Consciousness). This lead to suffering and dissatisfaction.

佛教為了控制因第六識與第七識衝突而形成的精神內耗，提倡並強調正念、覺知、智慧的修行。通過培養正念，人們可以更加了解第六意識中產生的思想、情感和感知。這種意識使人能夠觀察和理解這些經歷的本質，而不會過度依戀或厭惡它們，從而減少精神內耗。
To control mental internal friction that is formed by the conflict between the Sixth and Seventh Consciousness in Buddhism, the practice of mindfulness, awareness, and wisdom is promoted and emphasized. By cultivating mindfulness, one can become more aware of the thoughts, emotions, and perceptions that arise in the Sixth Consciousness. This awareness allows one to observe and understand the nature of these experiences without becoming overly attached or aversive to them, and thus reducing mental internal friction.

看似永不過期的中國傳統食材 Chinese Traditional Ingredients That Seem Never Expired

有些中國傳統食材，如果是天然、無添加且儲存得當的話，似乎不會過期。

There are some of the Chinese traditional ingredients that may possibly expire-free, if they are natural, additive-free and properly stored.

醬油具有濃郁的鮮味，是許多中國菜餚的主要調味料。通過保存在陰涼避光的地方，並遠離陽光直射和熱源，它可以保持新鮮數年。

Soy sauce, with its rich umami flavor, is a main seasoning in many Chinese dishes. It can stay fresh for years by keeping in a cool and dark place, and keeping away from direct sunlight and heat sources.

古法釀製的陳醋具有開胃消食的功效，經久存放，其令人垂涎的酸味會更加濃郁。

Aged vinegar brewed by the ancient method helps with appetizing and digesting, and its coveted flavor of sour will become stronger after time of stored.

米酒是用糯米發酵而成的一種烹飪調味料，也是一種傳統的宴會飲料。採用古老方法釀造的米酒不含酒精，可以長期保存而不失其獨特的風味。

Rice wine produced from fermented glutinous rice is a kind of cooking seasoning and a traditional drink on a gathering. Rice wine which produced by ancient methods without alcohol, can be stored for a long time without losing its unique flavor profile.

蜂蜜以其天然防腐特性而聞名。隨著時間的推移，它可能會結晶，但通過輕輕加熱就可以輕鬆恢復到液態。當在室溫或更低溫度下儲存在密封容器中時，蜂蜜可以無限期地食用。

Honey is known for its natural preservative properties. It may crystallize over time but can easily be restored to its liquid form by gently warming it. When stored in a sealed container at room temperature or lower, honey can remain edible indefinitely. 

陳皮常用於中藥和烹飪。如果將陳皮保存在密
封容器中，遠離濕氣和陽光，可以保存多年。隨著時間的推移，它的價格將會升值。

Tangerine peel (after air-dried or sun-dried) is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine and cooking. Dried tangerine peel can last for years if kept in an airtight container away from moisture and sunlight. It will appreciate in price over ages.

當您在食品儲藏室或廚櫃中遇到這些永恆的食材時，請放心，即使經過數月甚至數年的儲存，它們仍然會為您的菜餚增添獨特的風味！

When you come across these timeless ingredients in your pantry or kitchen cabinet, rest assured that they will still add their distinct flavors to your dishes even after months or even years of storage!

給失業者們的投資建議 Investing advice for the unemployed

即使您在新冠疫情后的失業期間沒有收入，也可以考慮以下幾項投資。 這些投資可能無法立即提供收入，但可以幫助您提高技能、擴大人際網絡並改善就業。

Here are several investments that you can consider even if you are incomeless in the unemployment period after the COVID epidemic. These investments may not provide immediate income, but they can help you enhance your skills, expand your network, and improve your employment. 

增強知識和技能：您可以參加在線課程、參加網絡研討會或工作坊，或者考取您感興趣的領域的認證。 這些可以使您在就業市場上更具競爭力，並增加您未來找到工作的機會。

Enhancing knowledge and skills: You can take online courses, attend webinars or workshops, or pursue certifications in your field of interest. These can make you more competitive in the job market and increase your chances of finding employment in the future. 

建立關係：關係對於尋找工作機會至關重要。通過互聯網上的論壇或其他平台，您可以與不同行業、不同年齡段的專業人士進行討論、加入相關團體、參加虛擬社交活動。建立關係可以帶來潛在的工作機會、指導機會和寶貴的聯繫。

Building relationships: Relationships is crucial for finding job opportunities. Through the forums or other platforms on the internet, you may connect with professionals in different industries and ages in discussions, join relevant groups, and attend virtual networking events. Building relationships can lead to potential job leads, mentorship opportunities, and valuable connections. 

參加志願者工作和實習：參加您感興趣的領域的組織或公司的志願者活動可以為您提供寶貴的經驗，幫助您獲得新技能並擴大您的人際網絡。此外，實習，即使是無薪的，也可以為你提供實踐經驗並豐富你的簡歷。

Joining volunteer work and internships: Joining volunteering for organizations or companies in your field of interest may provide you with valuable experience, help you acquire new skills, and expand your network. Additionally, internships, even if unpaid, can provide you with hands-on experience and enhance your resume. 

參與臨時散工工作：您可以在自由職業或兼職工作機會中提供您的技能，例如為 Uber 或送餐服務開車，提供寫作、圖形設計或網頁開發等在線服務 ，並提供輔導或諮詢服務...等。這樣做可以幫助您創造臨時收入，同時也可以向潛在雇主展示您的技能。

Joining a temporary gig work: You can offer your skills on a freelance basis or part-time job opportunities, such as include driving for Uber or for food delieving services, providing online services such as writing, graphic design, or web development, and offering tutoring or consulting services...etc,. These can help you generate temporary income while also showing your skills to potential employers.

注重身心培養：練習正念和鍛煉身體。這些活動可以幫助您保持動力、減輕壓力並改善整體健康，這在求職過程中至關重要。

Focusing on physical and mental development: Practicing mindfulness and exercising physically. These activities can help you stay motivated, reduce stress, and improve your overall well-being, which is essential during the job search process. 

即使這些投資可能無法提供體面的收入，它們也可以為您的長期成功做出貢獻並提高您的就業能力。保持積極、有動力並不斷尋求機會對成長與發展非常重要。祝你好運！

Even if these investments may not provide a decent income, they can contribute to your long-term success and improve your employability. It's important to stay proactive, motivated, and continuously seek opportunities for growth and development. Good luck!

十二因緣 The 12 Dependent Origination

十二因緣是佛教哲學中解釋存在與痛苦循環的基本概念。 它描述了所有現象相互依存的本質，以及它們如何促成出生、死亡和重生的循環。
The 12 Dependent Origination (The Twelve Links of Dependent Arising) is a fundamental concept in Buddhist philosophy that explains the cycle of existence and suffering. It describes the interdependent nature of all phenomena and how they contribute to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.

十二因緣是：
The twelve links are:

無明：無明是指對現實的本質缺乏了解，導致迷惑和混亂。
Ignorance: Refers to a lack of understanding of the true nature of reality, leading to delusion and confusion.
行：無明會產生行，這些行法是塑造我們的經驗並促成業力的意志行為或思想。
Mental formations: Ignorance gives rise to mental formations, which are volitional actions or thoughts that shape our experiences and contribute to karma.

識：行導致識的生起，即對感官體驗和知覺的覺知。
Consciousness: Mental formations lead to the arising of consciousness, the awareness of sensory experiences and perceptions.

名色：意識與肉體交織在一起，構成個體存在的基礎。
Name and form: Consciousness becomes intertwined with the physical body, forming the basis for individual existence.

六入：通過名色，六入（即六識，視覺、聽覺、味覺、嗅覺、觸覺、意識）生起，使我們能夠體驗世界。
Six senses: Through name and form, the six senses (sight, hearing, taste, smell, touch, and mind) arise, enabling us to experience the world.

觸：六入與其物體之間的相互作用產生接觸，從而產生感覺和感受。
Contact: The interaction between the six senses and their objects creates contact, resulting in sensations and feelings.
受：接觸會產生感受或感覺，可以是愉快的、不愉快的或中性的。
Feeling: Contact gives rise to feelings or sensations, which can be pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral.
愛：感受會引起對愉快經歷的渴求或渴望，以及對不愉快經歷的厭惡。
Craving: Feelings give rise to craving or desire for pleasant experiences and the aversion to unpleasant ones.
取（執著）：貪愛導致執著或執著於慾望的對象，尋求外在的快樂和滿足。
Attachment: Craving leads to attachment or clinging to the objects of desire, seeking happiness and fulfillment externally.

有（成形）：執著促進了成形的過程，在這個過程中，一個人被驅使著走向存在和追求未來的經歷。
Becoming: Attachment fuels the process of becoming, where one is driven towards existence and the pursuit of future experiences.

生：成形導致出生、新生命的顯現和存在循環的延續。
Birth: Becoming leads to birth, the manifestation of a new life and the continuation of the cycle of existence.

老死：出生必然導致老死，標誌著一個生命的結束和另一個生命的開始，循環不斷。
Aging and death: Birth inevitably leads to aging and death, marking the end of one life and the beginning of another, perpetuating the cycle.

對於佛教徒來說，修行的主體是人而不是物，所以最早提到的十二因綠所生法不僅是物質現象的關係，也是生與死的關係。十二因綠所生法強調一切現象的相互關聯和相互依存，強調通過培養智慧和慈悲來了解和擺脫痛苦循環的重要性。
For Buddhists, the subject of practice is people rather than things, so the 12 Dependent Origination mentioned at the earliest is not only the relationship of material phenomena, but also the relationship between life and death. The 12 Dependent Origination highlights the interconnectedness and interdependence of all phenomena, emphasizing the importance of understanding and breaking free from this cycle of suffering through the cultivation of wisdom and compassion.

本文僅對十二因緣作簡單介紹。這個涉及錯綜複雜的無限過去和無法估量的無限未來的話題，即使是經驗豐富的佛教徒也很難理解和解釋清楚。
Here is a brief introduction to the 12 Dependent Origination only in this article. This topic, involving an intricate infinite past and an incalculable infinite future, is difficult to understand and explain well even for experienced Buddhists.